Traghetti in Venice

Introduction and Motivation

Research Question: "Who owns and who operates the Venitian traghetti?"

Objectives:

• Analyze who the owners of the ferries are?
  • Are there prevalent families owning most of the businesses? If so who are they and what are their social and political position in the city
  • Is the ownership stable throughout the years? (Comparing with Sommarioni data?) (Comparing with present data?)
  • Are the owners of Traghetti building centers (squero) the same as owners of traghetti businesses?
  • What other businesses Traghetti owners have and are they in some way related to the Traghetti?

• Analyze who exploits the ferries?
  • Is it a family specific business or open to anyone willing to do such work?
  • Do the families exploiting the traghetti stay the same? (Compare with present data / Sommarioni?)
  • Traghetti workers need a licence to practice, which comes from several guilds (mariegole). Can we find a trace of them in our datasets?

• Spatial analysis
  • Are there specific families owning or exploiting in specific parts of the city? If so, why?
  • Why are traghetti where they are ? (Usually on the main canal, but sometimes not)
  • Which zones are most profitable for traghetti owners (based on rental prices?)

Project Timeline & Milestones

Week	Task	Status
14.10-20.10	- Define research question
Autumn Vacation	--------------------------
28.10-03.11	- Find and read litterature
04.11-10.11	- Read litterature - Extract owner data and provide early visualisations
11.11-17.11	- Midterm presentations - Visualisation tool for historical maps
18.11-24.11	- Catastici and Sommarioni alignment - Entity owned distribution - Traghetti Rental Prices Analysis
25.11-01.12	- Catastici and Sommarioni analysis (ownership change, ...) - Specific families/entities analysis - Spatial analysis of traghetti - Start writing the wiki
02.12-08.12	- Analysis of intersections between squero and traghetti owners - Analyse tenents (number of families?) - Compare results to present day data (if available) - Continue writing wiki
09.12-15.12	- Finish writing the wiki
16.12-22.12	- Spare week

Methodology

1. Data Extraction

The function field in the 1740_Catastici dataset was used to filter out the ferry data. We focused on different kinds of ferries in the Venice area, specifically the Italian words traghetto and gondola.

Keyword in function	Count	Denotes
traghetto	168
gondola	???

2. Family Data Classification

The owner data are extracted

3. Data Feasibility Analysis

a. General Observation of Data

Length, null fields, columns that matter to our research questions and future plans.

b. Feasibility Analysis

(1) For catastici, text_data and geojson are exactly the same, except for the geometry column. The difference in geometry column is likely that they adopted difference coordinate systems, and we prefer to use the geojson one for coordinates.

(2) For sommarioni, text_data and geojson have different lengths and columns. They need to be merged according to parcel_number, because we only need sommarioni combined with catastici, not using sommarioni alone. And we use parcel_number to merge sommarioni into catastici.

(The above conclusions could be found at https://github.com/dhlab-class/fdh-2024-student-projects-ching-chi-andre-renyi/blob/align-two-dataset/validate-text_data-geojson.ipynb)

(3) Cédric told us that id_napo field in catastici is aligned with the parcel_number in sommarioni dataset. However, id_napo and parcel_number have heavy duplications. Ren Yi didn't found a proper solution yet, and we need help from TA for this problem. The duplication analysis could be found at https://github.com/dhlab-class/fdh-2024-student-projects-ching-chi-andre-renyi/blob/align-two-dataset/data-clean-merge.ipynb

Data Extraction

In order to work on traghetti, we need a way to extract each one from the data set. For this purpose we searched the keywords "Traghetto/i" in the "function" column of the dataset using regex. Whilst exploring the data during the Entity Analysis, we discovered that the keyword "Libertà" also refers to the traghetti and included it in our regex. This choice will be motivated in the Discussion section.

Entity Analysis

To understand who owns rents the traghetti, we wanted to delve into several such entities. For this process, we started by extracting all traghetto owners from the data set and made and histogram of traghetto ownership by Entity and Family. This gives us an idea of the most important families and entities in the traghetto business. Based on the results, we chose several specific entities that were interesting, for which we did a more in-depth analysis. For these entities, aside from searching them in historical articles, we plotted a histogram of everything that they owned with the following categories: shops, houses, traghetti and other. This already gives us an idea of the kind of entity we are studying, by discussing the number of properties owned, or the percentage of traghetti owned by these entities. We finally plotted these properties in the Venice map, to try and find any patterns for the placement of the traghetti.

Our work for the tenants followed relatively the same pattern. We found which families rent traghetti the most, then tried to find if there is a correlation between who rents and who they rent it from. Finally, we also plotted the proprieties they rented on the Venice map.

Catastici and Sommarioni merging

How it worked

Spatial Analysis

Methods to do it I guess

Discussion

Data Extraction

While at first we did not think to include the key word libertà in our traghetto research, we found that they also refers to traghetti. Firstly, all traghetto entries in our dataset are in the form of libertà di traghetto, while all libertà entries appear jointly with traghetto or alone. Moreover, when we plot libertà entries on the map, their location appear in the same places, or as we would expect traghettos to appear.

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  Map of keyword traghetto

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  Map of keyword liberta

In addition, we found that ownership stayed relatively similar with or without the addition of the libertà keyword. We still find Filosi or Corner at the top of the families list and Milizia da Mar or Ospedale della Pietà at the top of the entities list.

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  Histogram of traghetto ownership

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  Histogram of traghetto and liberta ownership

Finally, we found in a Venitian dictionnary written in 1856 that the word libertà is directly related to the traghetto business and means the “licence” to exploit a Traghetto in Venice . Thus, based on this evidence, we can affirm that the keyword libertà is referring to traghetti and we will include them in our analysis. We hypothesize that the difference between libertà and libertà di traghetto in our dataset is based on the understanding of the Venician adminitistration, where it would be understood that libertà would exclusively refer to the traghetti, making the last word redundant.

Entity analysis

As discussed in the Methodology section, we started by plotting the traghetto ownership (for visibility, we excluded any entity or family that owns two or less traghetti):

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  Histogram of all traghetto owners

In the entity column, two stand out: Milizia da Mar and Ospedale della Pietà. We will choose to focus on these two. Concerning the families, several stand out, but we will choose to focus on the families Venier and Celini.

Milizia da Mar

The Milizia da Mar is the name of the navy of Venice. Knowing this fact, and the importance of traghetti in the mobility of the city, it is natural that this organ would own this crucial utility. This is shown in the following histogram:

• 

  Types of properties owned by Milizia da Mar

Ospedale della Pietà

The Ospedale della Pietà is one of the three Ospedali Grandi (charitable institutions and orphanages). This Ospedale is famous for its musical school, Antonio Vivaldi himself having teached in this institution (add reference??). It is thus surprising to find this institution this high in the traghetto business, especially when the other two Ospedali do not own any traghetti.

If we look at the Ospedale’s properties, we find that they specialise in housing. Knowing the purpose of the institution this is not surprising, as either to make money to subsidise their charitable work or to pay the famous music teachers, a good number of homes would be needed. What is interesting is that traghetti make up 15% of all properties owned by the institution and almost 50% of non-housing. The traghetti are thus a good portion of the investment from the Ospedale.

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  Types of properties owned by the Ospedale della Pieta

Finally, we tried to understand why Ospedale would own traghetti. We made the hypothesis that the placement of the traghetti would be either around their main building, to both give employment to the orphans they would welcome and to allow people to come to their building, or near their shops and houses to facilitate movement between their properties.

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  Map of the properties owned by the Ospedale della Pieta

Instead, we this distribution. We see a high density of ownership around the Ospedale building, while many traghetti and general properties are scattered across the city. Unfortunately, it is hard to provide a satisfactory explanation of this data. Most of the proprieties could come from inheritance, where a childless family would give their properties to a charitable institution, but that does not explain the amount of traghetti owned by the Ospedale. Moreover, no article or book that we have found touches on this specific subject, leaving the only clues to be found probably in the archives of the Ospedale itself.

Venier

The Venier noble family is one of the most important families in Venice (citation and further explaining?). As such, seeing that they are the family owning the most traghettos, it would be interesting to analyse them further. Like the previous instances, we started by looking at the family’s ownership situation. In this case, we included palaces as a separate category to show the social status of the Veniers.

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  Types of properties owned by the Venier family

Like the case of the Ospedale, the Venier family owns mostly houses and apartments. Being one of the richest families in Venice this result is not surprising. What is notable is the number of traghetti owned by the family compared to the other noble families, like the Pisani or Grimaldi families (families that had Venitian doges around 1740) (citation?). This discrepancy might be understood by looking at the locations of the Venier’s traghetti.

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  Map of the properties owned by Venier family

This map displays the position of the traghetti and palaces belonging to the Venier family. Unlike the Ospedale map, we can observe that the traghetti are in specific clusters, and mostly near the family’s palaces in the Rialto and in the south of the city. One can then hypothesize that the traghetti owned by the Venier family would serve to connect their palaces in the south to the important centres of the city.

Celini

Unlike the Veniers, the Celini family is not a noble family and not much is known about them. Thus, their position as the fourth family owning the most traghetti is remarkable. We can look at their ownership status to try and learn more about the family.

Indeed, the Celini family only owns traghetti and a few houses. It would seem to be a family with a history of working and managing traghetti.

By looking at their ownership make, we can see that all their traghetti are at one end of the grand canal, right in front of the Basilica Santa Maria della Salute. We can then hypothesize that there would be a lot of movement at that crossing, which a family passing the traghetto business through generations would have access.

References

Zanelli, G. (2011). Gondole e traghetti. In: Matematica e cultura 2011. Matematica e cultura. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1854-9_5

Huffman, K. L. (2024). A View of Venice : Portrait of a Renaissance City. (K. L. Huffman, Ed.; 1st ed.). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478023807

Robin Quillien, « Apprentissages et voies d’accès au métier de barcarolo à Venise à l’époque moderne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle) », Mélanges de l’École française de Rome - Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines [En ligne], 131-2 | 2019, mis en ligne le 30 décembre 2019, consulté le 13 novembre 2024. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/mefrim/6651 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/mefrim.6651

Venitian dialect dictionnary: https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Dizionario_del_dialetto_veneziano/OGwoAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=dizionario+boerio&printsec=frontcover&pli=1